Economists have critiqued the 2024 budget for its "stimulative" nature, igniting fears it may counteract the Reserve Bank of Australia's (RBA) efforts to control inflation. This unexpected budgetary shift has led to speculation of potential interest rate hikes rather than impending cuts, which had been anticipated earlier this year.
David Bassanese, Betashares' chief economist, highlighted the increased fiscal spending as a surprising move, given the current economic climate. "The substantial fiscal expansion seen in the budget, particularly in cost-of-living support, appears to have encouraged higher spending in other areas, possibly underestimating the RBA's tolerance for such policies," he observed.
From a balance sheet perspective, the deficit is projected to jump from $9 billion to a staggering $28 billion in the 2024-25 period. This shift, equaling about 1.3% of GDP, signifies a pronounced swing towards fiscal stimulus, raising concerns about further inflationary pressures.
Furthermore, household disposable income is predicted to rise by 3.5% in the next fiscal year, boosted by tax reductions and an energy rebate of $300. Yet, this does not align with the forecasted 2% increase in consumer spending. Mr. Bassanese warned that if households decide to spend rather than save this windfall, the odds of increased interest rates could climb significantly.
Current estimates now put the probability of a rate hike before the next federal election at 40%, a substantial increase from the previous 10%. The unpredictability of how Australians will utilize their enhanced disposable income keeps both economists and policymakers on edge.
According to Stephen Halmarick, Commonwealth Bank's chief economist, the renewed fiscal approach renders earlier expectations of rate cuts – foreseen to begin as early as November – tenuous. The bank's internal estimates had initially projected a drop to 3% by the end of 2025, but these seem increasingly optimistic.
Budget papers reveal an anticipated modest cash rate reduction of 0.75% by 2026, decreasing from the current rates still north of 4%. This gradual easing may now be viewed in a new light, with inflationary pressures potentially suppressing any significant rate cuts over the short term.
Attention has also been drawn to various initiatives within the budget, especially a $23 billion fund for sectors including green hydrogen and critical minerals, aimed at energizing the domestic economy. However, critics argue that in an employment landscape marked by shortages, such expansive policies could further aggravate inflation.
Carlos Cacho, chief economist at Jarden, estimates the budget will inject an additional $30 billion in fiscal stimulus, risking an upward spiral in inflation. KPMG's Brendan Rynne shares this view, describing the budget as creating "upward pressure on inflation," supported by policies that may only temporarily mask the true economic impact until post-election.
The Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry's Andrew McKellar echoed these sentiments, asserting that enlarging government size and expenditure could lead to increased costs and taxes, thus complicating the economic landscape for businesses.
Despite the prevailing concern, Shane Oliver, chief economist at AMP, indicated that while the risk of prolonged higher rates remains, there is still a probability of rate reductions starting November. Westpac's economists, on the other hand, argue the budget's specifics should not fundamentally alter the RBA's timeline for potential rate cuts.
The intricate balance between fiscal policies and market reactions makes it crucial for stakeholders to stay informed and prepared for various economic scenarios that lie ahead.
